《陈雷文选》

 | | | 转寄

写hō͘学生朋友ê代志 38 - 关键物种

作者 陈雷 2019.12.22

（Siá hō͘ ha̍k-seng pêng-iú ê tāi-chì 38）（写hō͘学生朋友ê代志 38）

Koan-kiān bu̍t-chióng / 关键物种

1969 nî Robert Paine sin-seⁿ tī Bí-kok ka-chiu hái-hōaⁿ chò chi̍t-ê chin kan-tan ê si̍t-giām. Tī hái-tiòng kap thè-lâu ê chúi-ūi tiong-kan ū chin-chē chióng-lūi ê seng-bu̍t, pau-hâm hái-chháu, bû kha-chiah-kut tōng-bu̍t, hái-chhiⁿ（starfish）kap giô-poe(mussel）. In hō͘-siong kèng-cheng, tī hit-ê sió khoân-kéng lāi-té chō-sêng chi̍t-ê ún-tēng ê, tek-pia̍t ê seⁿ-thài hē-thóng. Paine kā hái-chhiⁿ ùi chit-ê khoân-kéng the̍h-tiāu. Giô-poe bô hái-chhiⁿ kā chia̍h, sit-khì khòng-chè, thòaⁿ kah chi̍t tōa-tui. Pat-hāng seng-bu̍t sit-khì seng-chûn ê khong-kan. Kiat-kó tī chi̍t-tang lāi, hit ê hoān-ûi lāi ê seng-bu̍t chióng-lūi sit-khì chi̍t-pòaⁿ. Lî-chhiáⁿ chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ khak-tēng, nā-sī hái-chhiⁿ koh khǹg tò-tńg--khì, seⁿ-thài tō koh hôe-ho̍k. I kā chi̍t-ê hái-chhiⁿ hō-chò koan-kiàn bu̍t-chióng(keystone species）.

1969年 Robert Paine先生tī 美国加州海岸做一个真简单ê实验. Tī海涨kap退流ê水位中间有真chē种类ê生物, 包含海草, 无kha-chiah骨动物, 海星（starfish）kap giô-poe(mussel）. In互相竞争, tī hit个小环境内底造成一个稳定ê, 特别ê生态系统. Paine kā海星ùi这个环境the̍h掉. Giô-poe无海星kā食, 失去控制, thòaⁿ kah一大堆. 别项生物失去生存ê空间. 结果tī一冬内, hit个范围内ê生物种类失去 一半. 而且进一步确定, 若是kā海星koh khǹg倒转--去, 生态tō koh回复. 伊kā 这个海星号做关键物种（keystone species）.

Beh liáu-kái seng-bu̍t-kài ê to-goân hiān-siōng(biodiversity）, koan-kiàn bu̍t-chióng sī chin tiōng-iàu ê koan-liām. Tī bó͘ chi̍t-ê khoân-kéng lāi-té, ū bó͘ chi̍t-hāng tek-pia̍t ê chióng-lūi khòng-chè kui-ê seng-thài ê ún-tēng pêng-hêng. Sit-khì chi̍t-ê phín-chióng, tō ē giâm-tiōng kiám-chió to-goân chióng-lūi, seng-thài. Chhin-chhiūⁿ téng-bīn hái-chhiⁿ ê lē.

Beh了解生物界ê多元现象（biodiversity）, 关键物种是真重要ê观念. Tī某一个环境内底, 有某一项特别重要ê种类控制规个生态ê稳定平衡. 失去这个品种, tō ē严重减少多元种类, 生态. 亲像顶面海星ê例.

1969 nî í-lâi, ū khak-tēng chin-chē kî-tha ê koan-kiàn bu̍t-chióng, chhin-chhiūⁿ soa-hî, hái-chúi-thoah（sea otter）, Hui-chiu chhiūⁿ, phú-lông(gray wolf）, Saguaro sian-jîn-cháng, bô-hoe-kó chhiū, hái-thoah（beaver）chióng-chióng. Siōng chhut-miâ tō-sī Bí-kok N̂g-chio̍h kong-hn̂g ê lē. 1924 nî kong-hn̂g ê lông hō͘ lâng thâi choa̍t liáu-āu, chháu-si̍t ê tōng-bu̍t seⁿ-thòaⁿ sit-khì khòng-chè, phò-hāi kong-hn̂g ê chháu-tē, chhiū-nâ, ín-khí chi̍t liân-sòa bu̍t-chióng siau-sit. 1973 nî jîn-kang kā phú-lông khǹg tńg-khì kong-hn̂g í-āu, piàn-hòa chin bêng-hián, kàu-taⁿ N̂g-chio̍h kong-hn̂g hián-sī chin khì-phài ê seng-thài hôe-ho̍k.

1969 年以来, 有确定真chē其他ê关键物种, 亲像沙鱼, 海水獭（sea otter）, 非洲象, phú狼（gray wolf）, Saguaro仙人掌, 无花果树, 海獭（beaver）种种.上出名tō是美国黄石公园ê例. 1924年公园ê狼hō͘人thâi绝了后, 草食ê动物生thòaⁿ失去控制, 破坏公园ê草地, 树林, 引起一连续物种消失. 1973年人工kā phú狼khǹg转去公园以后, 变化真明显, 到taⁿ黄石公园显示真气派ê生态回复.

Tān-sī koan-kiàn bu̍t-chióng ê koan-liām siōng koan-kiàn ê koan-liām sī I hū-bīn ê kà-sī. Siau-bia̍t koan-kiàn bu̍t-chióng, seⁿ-thài tō ē giâm-tiōng phò-hāi. Lâng sī siōng-tōa ê koan-kiān bu̍t-chióng siau-bia̍t-chiá.

但是关键物种ê观念上关键ê是伊负面ê教示. 消灭关键物种, 生态tō ē严重破坏. 人是上大ê关键物种消灭者.

（Chok-chiá chù:chhiáⁿ-iōng pe̍h-ōe-jī)（作者注：请用白话字）